The younger population is responsible for a great proportion of criminality in different countries, particularly in Asia [1]. In the Philippines, there have been more than 4,000 cases of offenses committed by Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) in Metro Manila from 1986 to 1992. In 2009, more than 11,000 CICL were recorded nationwide, which showed a significant increase from previous numbers [2-6]. With this trend, juvenile delinquency and criminal behaviour in adolescents, particularly the contributing factors to such behaviour has been the subject of numerous studies in the recent years. Historically, increased risk for delinquent behaviour have been associated with child-related, parent-related, and social factors. Among risk factors associated with delinquency, conduct disorder and moral competence were the focus of this review. Conduct disorder is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major societal norms or rules are violated [7,8]. It is considered as one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, with a median prevalence rates of 4%-7% in the general population [7,8] and 73%-77% in Western and Latin American juvenile justice institutions [9,10].